diff --git a/tests/test_converter.py b/tests/test_converter.py
index 30582c8..a055d2d 100644
--- a/tests/test_converter.py
+++ b/tests/test_converter.py
@@ -158,3 +158,58 @@ def test_missing_keys_across_rows(self, converter_postgres):
         result = converter_postgres.convert(data, table_name="users")
         assert "email" in result
         assert "age" in result
+
+    def test_unsupported_root_type_raises(self, converter_postgres):
+        """A plain string at root raises ValueError."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported JSON root type"):
+            converter_postgres.convert('"just a string"', table_name="bad")
+
+    def test_unsupported_root_number_raises(self, converter_postgres):
+        """A plain number at root raises ValueError."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported JSON root type"):
+            converter_postgres.convert("42", table_name="bad")
+
+    def test_unsupported_root_bool_raises(self, converter_postgres):
+        """A plain boolean at root raises ValueError."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported JSON root type"):
+            converter_postgres.convert("true", table_name="bad")
+
+
+class TestGenerateSchema:
+    """Tests for generate_schema method."""
+
+    def test_generate_schema_basic(self, converter_postgres):
+        data = json.dumps([{"name": "Alice", "age": 30}])
+        result = converter_postgres.generate_schema(data, table_name="users")
+        assert "CREATE TABLE" in result
+        assert "INSERT INTO" not in result
+
+    def test_generate_schema_single_object(self, converter_postgres):
+        """Single dict at root also works."""
+        data = json.dumps({"name": "Alice"})
+        result = converter_postgres.generate_schema(data, table_name="users")
+        assert "CREATE TABLE" in result
+        assert '"name"' in result
+
+    def test_generate_schema_with_flatten_nested_array(self):
+        """generate_schema with flatten=True should produce CREATE TABLE for nested arrays."""
+        conv = JSONToSQLConverter(dialect=Dialect.POSTGRES, flatten=True)
+        data = json.dumps({
+            "id": 1,
+            "name": "Alice",
+            "orders": [
+                {"product": "Widget", "qty": 3},
+                {"product": "Gadget", "qty": 1},
+            ],
+        })
+        result = conv.generate_schema(data, table_name="users")
+        assert "CREATE TABLE" in result
+        # Should include the nested table schema
+        assert "users_orders" in result or "orders" in result
+        assert "INSERT INTO" not in result
+
+    def test_generate_schema_primitives(self, converter_postgres):
+        """A primitive type should produce a simple schema."""
+        data = json.dumps([1, 2, 3])
+        result = converter_postgres.generate_schema(data, table_name="nums")
+        assert "CREATE TABLE" in result
diff --git a/tests/test_dialects.py b/tests/test_dialects.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb46ff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_dialects.py
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+"""Standalone tests for json2sql dialects module."""
+import pytest
+from json2sql.dialects import (
+    Dialect,
+    sql_type_for,
+    quote_identifier,
+    format_value,
+    create_table_sql,
+    insert_sql,
+)
+
+
+# --- Dialect enum ---
+
+class TestDialectEnum:
+    """Dialect enum values and membership."""
+
+    def test_postgres_value(self):
+        assert Dialect.POSTGRES == "postgres"
+
+    def test_mysql_value(self):
+        assert Dialect.MYSQL == "mysql"
+
+    def test_sqlite_value(self):
+        assert Dialect.SQLITE == "sqlite"
+
+    def test_all_members(self):
+        assert set(Dialect) == {Dialect.POSTGRES, Dialect.MYSQL, Dialect.SQLITE}
+
+
+# --- sql_type_for ---
+
+class TestSQLTypeFor:
+    """Python type → SQL type mapping per dialect."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dialect", [Dialect.POSTGRES, Dialect.MYSQL, Dialect.SQLITE])
+    def test_string_type(self, dialect):
+        assert "TEXT" in sql_type_for("hello", dialect).upper() or "VARCHAR" in sql_type_for("hello", dialect).upper()
+
+    def test_postgres_int(self):
+        assert sql_type_for(42, Dialect.POSTGRES) == "INTEGER"
+
+    def test_mysql_int(self):
+        assert sql_type_for(42, Dialect.MYSQL) == "INT"
+
+    def test_sqlite_int(self):
+        assert sql_type_for(42, Dialect.SQLITE) == "INTEGER"
+
+    def test_postgres_float(self):
+        assert sql_type_for(3.14, Dialect.POSTGRES) == "DOUBLE PRECISION"
+
+    def test_mysql_float(self):
+        assert sql_type_for(3.14, Dialect.MYSQL) == "DOUBLE"
+
+    def test_sqlite_float(self):
+        assert sql_type_for(3.14, Dialect.SQLITE) == "REAL"
+
+    def test_postgres_bool(self):
+        assert sql_type_for(True, Dialect.POSTGRES) == "BOOLEAN"
+
+    def test_mysql_bool(self):
+        assert sql_type_for(False, Dialect.MYSQL) == "TINYINT(1)"
+
+    def test_sqlite_bool(self):
+        assert sql_type_for(True, Dialect.SQLITE) == "INTEGER"
+
+    def test_none_type(self):
+        # None maps to the string type of each dialect
+        for dialect in Dialect:
+            result = sql_type_for(None, dialect)
+            assert isinstance(result, str)
+            assert len(result) > 0
+
+    def test_unknown_type(self):
+        # Unrecognized type falls back to TEXT
+        assert sql_type_for(b"bytes", Dialect.POSTGRES) == "TEXT"
+
+    def test_bool_before_int_check(self):
+        # bool is subclass of int; must return bool type, not int
+        assert sql_type_for(True, Dialect.POSTGRES) == "BOOLEAN"
+        assert sql_type_for(True, Dialect.POSTGRES) != "INTEGER"
+
+
+# --- quote_identifier ---
+
+class TestQuoteIdentifier:
+    """Identifier quoting per dialect."""
+
+    def test_mysql_backtick(self):
+        assert quote_identifier("users", Dialect.MYSQL) == "`users`"
+
+    def test_postgres_double_quote(self):
+        assert quote_identifier("users", Dialect.POSTGRES) == '"users"'
+
+    def test_sqlite_double_quote(self):
+        assert quote_identifier("users", Dialect.SQLITE) == '"users"'
+
+    def test_special_chars_mysql(self):
+        assert quote_identifier("group", Dialect.MYSQL) == "`group`"
+
+    def test_special_chars_postgres(self):
+        assert quote_identifier("group", Dialect.POSTGRES) == '"group"'
+
+    def test_empty_name(self):
+        for dialect in Dialect:
+            result = quote_identifier("", dialect)
+            assert len(result) >= 2
+
+
+# --- format_value ---
+
+class TestFormatValue:
+    """Python value → SQL literal formatting."""
+
+    def test_null(self):
+        for dialect in Dialect:
+            assert format_value(None, dialect) == "NULL"
+
+    def test_postgres_true(self):
+        assert format_value(True, Dialect.POSTGRES) == "TRUE"
+
+    def test_postgres_false(self):
+        assert format_value(False, Dialect.POSTGRES) == "FALSE"
+
+    def test_mysql_true(self):
+        assert format_value(True, Dialect.MYSQL) == "1"
+
+    def test_mysql_false(self):
+        assert format_value(False, Dialect.MYSQL) == "0"
+
+    def test_sqlite_true(self):
+        assert format_value(True, Dialect.SQLITE) == "1"
+
+    def test_sqlite_false(self):
+        assert format_value(False, Dialect.SQLITE) == "0"
+
+    def test_string_simple(self):
+        assert format_value("hello", Dialect.POSTGRES) == "'hello'"
+
+    def test_string_with_single_quote(self):
+        assert format_value("it's a test", Dialect.POSTGRES) == "'it''s a test'"
+
+    def test_string_with_double_quotes(self):
+        assert format_value('say "hi"', Dialect.POSTGRES) == """'say "hi"'"""
+
+    def test_integer(self):
+        assert format_value(42, Dialect.POSTGRES) == "42"
+
+    def test_negative_integer(self):
+        assert format_value(-5, Dialect.MYSQL) == "-5"
+
+    def test_float(self):
+        assert format_value(3.14, Dialect.POSTGRES) == "3.14"
+
+    def test_zero(self):
+        assert format_value(0, Dialect.SQLITE) == "0"
+
+    def test_empty_string(self):
+        assert format_value("", Dialect.POSTGRES) == "''"
+
+
+# --- create_table_sql ---
+
+class TestCreateTableSQL:
+    """CREATE TABLE statement generation."""
+
+    def test_single_column(self):
+        columns = {"name": "TEXT"}
+        sql = create_table_sql("users", columns, Dialect.POSTGRES)
+        assert sql.startswith("CREATE TABLE")
+        assert '"users"' in sql
+        assert '"name" TEXT' in sql
+        assert sql.endswith(";")
+
+    def test_multiple_columns(self):
+        columns = {"id": "INTEGER", "name": "TEXT", "active": "BOOLEAN"}
+        sql = create_table_sql("users", columns, Dialect.POSTGRES)
+        assert sql.count('"') >= 6  # table + 3 columns each double-quoted
+        assert "INTEGER" in sql
+        assert "TEXT" in sql
+        assert "BOOLEAN" in sql
+
+    def test_mysql_backtick_quoting(self):
+        columns = {"id": "INT"}
+        sql = create_table_sql("users", columns, Dialect.MYSQL)
+        assert "`users`" in sql
+        assert "`id`" in sql
+
+    def test_sqlite(self):
+        columns = {"value": "TEXT"}
+        sql = create_table_sql("data", columns, Dialect.SQLITE)
+        assert '"data"' in sql
+        assert '"value" TEXT' in sql
+
+
+# --- insert_sql ---
+
+class TestInsertSQL:
+    """INSERT statement generation."""
+
+    def test_postgres_single_row(self):
+        sql = insert_sql("users", ["name"], [["'Alice'"]], Dialect.POSTGRES)
+        assert sql.startswith("INSERT INTO")
+        assert '"users"' in sql
+        assert "'Alice'" in sql
+
+    def test_postgres_multi_row(self):
+        """PostgreSQL uses multi-row VALUES syntax for >1 rows."""
+        rows = [["'Alice'"], ["'Bob'"]]
+        sql = insert_sql("users", ["name"], rows, Dialect.POSTGRES)
+        assert sql.startswith("INSERT INTO")
+        assert "VALUES" in sql
+        # Should be a single statement with two value tuples
+        assert sql.count("VALUES") == 1
+        assert "'Alice'" in sql
+        assert "'Bob'" in sql
+
+    def test_mysql_multi_row(self):
+        """MySQL multi-row VALUES."""
+        rows = [["1"], ["2"]]
+        sql = insert_sql("items", ["id"], rows, Dialect.MYSQL)
+        assert "VALUES" in sql
+        assert "1" in sql
+        assert "2" in sql
+        assert sql.count("VALUES") == 1
+
+    def test_sqlite_single_row_per_statement(self):
+        """SQLite uses one INSERT per row (multi-row not supported)."""
+        rows = [["'Alice'"], ["'Bob'"]]
+        sql = insert_sql("users", ["name"], rows, Dialect.SQLITE)
+        # SQLite generates individual INSERT statements
+        assert sql.count("INSERT INTO") == 2
+        assert "VALUES" in sql
+        assert "'Alice'" in sql
+        assert "'Bob'" in sql
+
+    def test_sqlite_single_row(self):
+        sql = insert_sql("users", ["name"], [["'Alice'"]], Dialect.SQLITE)
+        assert sql.startswith("INSERT INTO")
+        assert sql.count("INSERT INTO") == 1
+
+    def test_multi_column_postgres(self):
+        rows = [["1", "'Alice'"], ["2", "'Bob'"]]
+        sql = insert_sql("users", ["id", "name"], rows, Dialect.POSTGRES)
+        assert '"id"' in sql
+        assert '"name"' in sql
+        assert "'Alice'" in sql
+        assert "'Bob'" in sql
+
+    def test_mysql_quoting(self):
+        rows = [["1"]]
+        sql = insert_sql("items", ["id"], rows, Dialect.MYSQL)
+        assert "`items`" in sql
+        assert "`id`" in sql