Add alpine 3.24 Support

[jsayer101]

Steps To Reproduce

1. Pull any image based on Alpine 3.24, for example:
   docker pull serversideup/php:8.4-fpm-alpine3.24

2. The manifest does not exist — Alpine 3.24 is not supported yet.

Outcome

docker pull fails with:
Error response from daemon: manifest for serversideup/php:8.4-fpm-alpine3.24 not found: manifest unknown

Alpine 3.24 has been released and the official PHP images are already available for alpine3.24 (PHP 8.3, 8.4, and 8.5), but serversideup/php does not provide these variants yet.

Affected Docker Images

All Alpine-based images, for example:

• serversideup/php:8.4-fpm-alpine
• serversideup/php:8.4-cli-alpine
• serversideup/php:8.3-fpm-nginx-alpine

None of them have an alpine3.24 variant, and the alpine tag still points to Alpine 3.23.

Anything else?

This is the same request as #635 (Alpine 3.23 support), which was resolved by #638.

Suggested changes, following the same approach as #638:

• Add Alpine 3.24 support and make it the default version for alpine
• Figure out which PHP versions support this new release