ci: add artifact verification and simplify release workflow

[amannocci]

🧑‍💻 What is the change being made?

• Add artifact attestation and upload steps to the build job in ci.yml
• Add new sanitize job to verify built binaries across macOS and Linux platforms
• Refactor release workflow to reuse the CI workflow instead of duplicating build steps

❓ Why is the change being made?

Improve CI/CD reliability by:

• Adding artifact verification to ensure binaries are executable
• Reducing duplication between CI and release workflows
• Ensuring built artifacts are properly attested and preserved

✅ How has this been tested?

• Verify CI workflow builds artifacts and runs sanitize job
• Verify release workflow triggers CI and creates release
• Check that binaries are correctly verified on all platforms (macOS amd64/arm64, Linux amd64/arm64)

📚 How has this been documented?

CI workflow changes documented in workflow files themselves.

🔗 Related Issues

None